Caffeine
Caffeine is a xanthine alkaloid with the ability to stimulate the central nervous system. Unlike illicit drugs, its ability to stimulate the senses is relative mild. In humans, caffeine can cause a variety of effects including alertness, reduction of fatigue, mood stabilization and improved concentration.
Caffeine Facts
| Other names | Caffeine, 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, trimethylxanthine, theine, methyltheobromine |
| Chemical formula | C8H10N4O2 |
| Effects | Improves alertness, reduces fatigue, improves concentration. |
| Legal status | Legal. |
| Status in sports | IOC limit 12 µg/ml in urine. |
In North America Caffeine is most commonly consumed by drinking coffee. Coffee is a social drink which is enjoyed by millions all over the world. Caffeine is found in high concentration in both tea and coffee and to a lesser extent, in many carbonated soft drinks. Caffeine pills (100mg) are also often available in drug stores.
Frequent coffee drinkers claim that the caffeine in coffee helps them to think more clearly, increases their ability to focus, and improves their coordination. When taken for long periods, caffeine can cause a minor dependence.
Regular coffee drinkers who are deprived of coffee may experience symptoms of withdrawal. These symptoms range from irritability to nervousness, headaches, and chest palpitations. Drinking excessive amounts of coffee has been linked to stomach ulcers as well.
There is some belief in the scientific community that caffeine has nootropic effects and can thus improve memory. There have also been reports that caffeine intake can decrease the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, long term follow up has not shown any major benefits of caffeine to any particular group of patients.
Caffeine's ability to enhance performance has been proved by scientific tests. When concerning sport performance, caffeine is most potent when used as an enchance endurance. Caffeine slows down the exertion of glycogen, which result in energy sources lasting longer. Because caffeine stimulates one's central nervous system, performance in tasks needing quick reactions is improved. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has set the limit of 12 micrograms per milliliter in an urine sample.
At present, caffeine has no medical uses and it's mostly used as a social beverage. However, when consumed moderately - one to two small cups (100mg) a day - caffeine can act as a great mental booster.